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Pressing a hard diamond or ball into the metal (Rockwell/Brinell tests). If you want, I can generate a printable
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Alloys of iron and carbon. They range from low-carbon steel (used in structural beams and car bodies) to high-carbon steel (used in cutting tools and springs).
The size of these grains directly impacts the metal's strength.
It relieves internal stresses, softens the metal, refines the grain structure, and makes it easier to machine or cold-work.